Origins of Embalming (2024)

Embalming involves the artificial preservation of a dead human body. Modern embalming methods achieve this through the use of chemicals injected into the body to prevent decay.

Embalming can also be referred to as body preservation, temporary preservation, or thanatopraxy (French term).

This article discusses the history of embalming, how it's performed, the reasons for embalming, and some of the alternatives.

Origins of Embalming (1)

What Is Embalming?

Embalming is a process that uses chemicals to preserve a body after death. It helps delay the decomposition that begins in the hours and days after death. Today, it's typically used during open-casket services to help remove some of the physical effects of death and restore a more life-like appearance. It's also used to help preserve a body when the funeral is held days or weeks after death.

History

The earliest artificial preservation of a dead body was discovered in 5,000-year-old human bones in Spain. The bones were found covered with cinnabar (a red mineral) to keep them preserved.

Considered "one of humankind's longest practiced arts," the Egyptians originated embalming around 3200 B.C. because they believed religious resurrection could only occur for bodies that were preserved intact.

The modern practice of embalming by arterial injection is considered to have started in the 18th century in England.

The term embalming derives from the 14th-century word "embaumen," meaning "to apply balm or ointment." That word derives from an earlier Old French term, embausmer, which means to "preserve a corpse with spices."

The term "balm" (in its various historical linguistic forms) refers to an "aromatic substance made from resins and oils," such as balsam, spices, cedar, perfumes, etc. — substances often used by the ancient Egyptians and other cultures during embalming.

How Embalming Is Done

In embalming, the blood in the body is replaced with a chemical, typically formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde. The blood and other bodily fluids are removed through a long hollow needle called a trocar. The preservative is injected into the cadaver's circulatory system and body cavities.

Arterial embalming only preserves the body temporarily. The goal is to give the body a life-like appearance in the days when the body will be viewed before the funeral.

Reasons for Embalming

Today, and principally in the United States and Canada, bodies of the deceased receive embalming for various reasons:

  • When a family desires a funeral service with the body present in an open casket
  • To provide time for family members and loved ones to travel to the deceased's funeral and/or interment
  • When the body must travel a great distance for final disposition, such as when a death occurs overseas
  • To temporarily preserve the corpse for medical research or anatomical study
  • To comply with state or local law or a funeral home's policies

Can a person be buried without being embalmed?

Yes, but with some exceptions. According to the Funeral Rule from the Federal Trade Commission, embalming is not required by law "except in certain special cases."

Some state and local laws will require embalming for a viewing and funeral. A funeral home may also require embalming as a condition of using their facilities.

Alternatives to Embalming

Embalming with chemicals isn't the only method that can be used for body preservation. Some people prefer to use green alternatives since formaldehyde can be damaging to the environment.

Some alternatives include:

  • Refrigeration: Funeral homes have mortuary refrigerators to slow decomposition for up to two to three weeks.
  • Dry ice: For shorter periods of 48 to 72 hours after death, dry ice can be used to preserve the body.
  • Biodegradable chemicals: Some biodegradable fluids, made of plant-based materials, may be available to use instead of formaldehyde. They can provide preservation for about five to seven days.

Summary

Embalming is a method to preserve a body temporarily after death. Egyptians practiced embalming around 3200 B.C. because they believed it was required for religious resurrection. Today, embalming is performed by replacing the fluids in the body with formaldehyde or another chemical.

Embalming may be done to prepare for an open-casket funeral or when the body must travel a long distance for the final burial.

7 Sources

Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.

  1. Brenner E. Human body preservation - old and new techniques.J Anat. 2014;224(3):316–344. doi:10.1111/joa.12160

  2. Britannica. Embalming.

  3. Etymonline. Embalm.

  4. Ohio Funeral Directors Association. Glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde.

  5. Federal Trade Commission. Complying with the Funeral Rule.

  6. Funeral Consumers Alliance of Los Angeles. Embalming facts.

  7. Renaissance Funeral Home and Crematory. Can I have a visitation or viewing without embalming?

Additional Reading

  • Mayer RG.Embalming: History, Theory & Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011.

Origins of Embalming (2)

By Chris Raymond
Chris Raymond is an expert on funerals, grief, and end-of-life issues, as well as the former editor of the world’s most widely read magazine for funeral directors.

See Our Editorial Process

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Origins of Embalming (2024)

FAQs

Where did embalming originate? ›

Beginnings in Egypt. Egypt is credited with being the land where embalming began.

Who was the first person to embalm a body? ›

History. Considered "one of humankind's longest practiced arts," the Egyptians originated embalming around 3200 B.C. because they believed religious resurrection could only occur for bodies that were preserved intact.

How long will a body last if not embalmed? ›

3-5 days postmortem: as organs continue to decompose, bodily fluids leak from orifices; the skin turns a greenish color. 8-10 days postmortem: the body turns from green to red as blood decomposes and gases accumulate. 2+ weeks postmortem: teeth and nails fall out.

Can a body be buried without embalming? ›

In California, except in limited circ*mstances, embalming is not required. California regulations do, however, require a body to be either embalmed or refrigerated if final disposition will not occur within 24 hours.

What religion is against embalming? ›

Though embalming has no roots in Christian religion, it is neither discouraged nor encouraged. Muslim, Bahá'í and orthodox Jewish faiths consider embalming to be a desecration of the body, and pro- hibit it. Hindus and Buddhists choosing cremation have no need for embalming.

How long does an embalmed body last in a casket and vault? ›

For those who are embalmed and buried in a coffin, five to 10 years is a more typical decomposition timeline, he said. At that point, the tissue is gone and only bones remain.

Where in the Bible does it talk about embalming? ›

Embalming. is mentioned in Scripture only in the cases of Jacob and Joseph (Genesis 50:2,26).

What organs are removed during embalming? ›

NO. Embalming doesn't remove any organ in the body. Instead, the embalmer replaces the blood with embalming fluid – formaldehyde-based chemicals – through the arteries. For this reason, an embalmed body placed in a casket can last for many years.

What do funeral homes do with the blood from dead bodies? ›

Sometimes dyes are added, too. What happens to the blood and other fluid removed from the body? It is flushed down the drain! Yes, it enters the sewage system and is treated by the wastewater treatment system in whatever town you are in.

Are eyes removed during embalming? ›

Your loved ones eyes are closed using glue or plastic eye caps that sit on the eye and hold the eyelid in place.

Where do body fluids go after embalming? ›

Embalmers typically pump fluid into the right common carotid artery and out of the jugular vein or the right femoral vein. The displaced body fluids and embalming fluid are poured down the drain.

Can you view an unembalmed body? ›

If remains are kept in refrigeration until the time of a funeral, disposition of those remains must occur within 5 hours of removal from refrigeration. The Code further states that the public should not view an unembalmed body that has been kept in refrigeration for longer than 36 hours.

What can you not put in a casket? ›

Items which might contain trapped air are not suitable either. This could be things like jars or bottles made from plastic or glass. Any accessory, shoes or items of clothing made from treated leather, latex, or vinyl must also be removed from the coffin prior to cremation.

What is a green funeral? ›

Green burials do away with both the embalming chemicals and the extraneous cement, steel or other non-biodegradable materials conventional burials put into the earth, and lack the carbon footprint of cremation, which has been calculated to be the equivalent of a 500-mile car journey.

What does the Bible say about cremation? ›

Is Cremation a Sin? There is no explicit scriptural command against cremation. Some believers object to the practice of cremation on the basis that it does not recognize that one day God will resurrect our bodies and reunite them with our spirit (1 Corinthians 15:35-58; 1 Thessalonians 4:16).

Did embalming occur in Egypt? ›

Ancient Egypt Egyptian Mummies. The methods of embalming, or treating the dead body, that the ancient Egyptians used is called mummification. Using special processes, the Egyptians removed all moisture from the body, leaving only a dried form that would not easily decay.

Where did burying the dead originate? ›

Evidence points to the Neanderthals as the first human species known to practice burial behavior and to intentionally bury their dead; they did so using shallow graves furnished with stone tools and animal bones. Exemplary sites include Shanidar in Iraq, Kebara Cave in Israel and Krapina in Croatia.

How long after death can you view an embalmed body? ›

Embalming is not permanent as it only delays the natural process of death. Typically, it will preserve the body for around a week, but factors such as condition of the body and temperature conditions may affect this.

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